RANCANG BANGUN DAN UJI KINERJA DIGESTER BIOGAS RUMAH TANGGA TIPE FLOATING TANK DENGAN SUBSTRAT KOTORAN SAPI
Authors
Agus Haryanto , Denny Sanjaya Irawan , Siti Suharyatun , Winda Rahmawati , Mareli Telaumbanua , Febryan K. Wisnu , Tamrin Tamrin , Pelita NingrumDOI:
10.29303/jrpb.v9i2.255Published:
2021-09-28Issue:
Vol. 9 No. 2 (2021): Jurnal Ilmiah Rekayasa Pertanian dan BiosistemKeywords:
biogas, kotoran sapi, tangki mengapung, terbarukanArticles
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Abstract
Digester biogas rumah tangga berpotensi menyediakan bahan bakar terbarukan pengganti LPG (liquefied petroleum gas). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang-bangun dan menguji kinerja digester biogas rumah tangga tipe tangki mengapung (floating tank) dengan substrat kotoran sapi. Penelitian dilakukan dengan membuat digester biogas tipe floating tank menggunakan sumur dangkal dari pasangan bata semen yang diplester (diameter-dalam 139 cm, kedalaman efektif 140 cm) sebagai digester dan tangki air kapasitas 2000 l sebagai penampung biogas. Ukuran digester didasarkan pada kebutuhan biogas untuk keperluan memasak rumah tangga dan potensi kotoran empat ekor sapi. Kinerja digester dievaluasi dari produksi biogas, komposisi biogas, dan kemampuan digester dalam mendekomposisi substrat yang dinilai dari penurunan kandungan padatan tak stabil (volatile solid, VS). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada suhu lingkungan rata-rata antara 26,97 ℃ (pagi) dan 31,97 ℃ (sore) digester bekerja pada pH rata-rata 7,7 dengan dekomposisi VS mencapai 56,3%. Dengan laju pengumpanan kotoran sapi cair 60 l/hari, produksi biogas dapat mencapai 1.300 l/hari dan produktivitas biogas mencapai 634,6 l/m3 volume aktif digester. Biogas yang dihasilkan memiliki kualitas medium dengan kandungan metana (CH4) mencapai 50,28% dan nilai kalori 18,01 MJ/Nm3. Lumpur digestat berpotensi sebagai pupuk organik dengan kandungan hara N 4,55%; P 2,16%; dan K 3,89%. Salah satu keunggulan yang sangat menonjol dari digester floating tank adalah desain yang sederhana, biaya terjangkau, dan diperkirakan akan awet, sehingga dapat dijadikan sebagai model untuk dikembangkan dan diadopsi.
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Copyright (c) 2021 Agus Haryanto, Denny Sanjaya Irawan, Siti Suharyatun, Winda Rahmawati, Mareli Telaumbanua, Febryan K. Wisnu, Tamrin Tamrin, Pelita Ningrum
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