PENGEMBANGAN LISTRIK TENAGA BIOGAS SKALA RUMAH TANGGA UNTUK DAERAH TERPENCIL DI INDONESIA
Authors
Agus Haryanto , Sugeng Triyono , Mareli Telaumbanua , Dwi CahyaniDOI:
10.29303/jrpb.v8i2.187Published:
2020-09-28Issue:
Vol. 8 No. 2 (2020): Jurnal Ilmiah Rekayasa Pertanian dan BiosistemKeywords:
biogas, electricity, isolated villages, renewableArticles
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Abstract
Kesenjangan ketersediaan listrik antara daerah perkotaan dan terpencil merupakan salah satu masalah yang harus diselesaikan. Sebagian daerah terpencil menyediakan listrik swadaya menggunakan generator diesel. Salah satu potensi energi terbarukan yang dapat dieksploitasi adalah pemanfaatan biogas dari limbah peternakan sebagai bahan bakar genset. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memaparkan potensi genset tenaga biogas skala rumah tangga sebagai salah satu solusi yang menjanjikan untuk melistriki daerah atau pulau terpencil di Indonesia. Sebagai teknologi yang sudah mapan, teknologi biogas menawarkan berbagai keuntungan sebagai sumber energi terbarukan. Teknologi biogas juga menawarkan produk samping berupa pupuk organik yang berkualitas tinggi. Genset berbahan bakar biogas skala rumah tangga dapat dimodifikasi dari genset berbahan bakar bensin berukuran kecil yaitu dengan menambahkan jalur biogas pada karburator mesin. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa genset skala rumah tangga berbahan bakar biogas merupakan salah satu alternatif pilihan yang baik untuk pengembangan listrik di wilayah terpencil. Manfaat maksimal diperoleh melalui sistem terintegrasi yang memadukan kegiatan kebun/pertanian, peternakan, dan penyediaan listrik biogas. Tingginya investasi pembuatan digester dan harga genset biogas serta tidak adanya insentif bagi listrik biogas merupakan kendala yang perlu diatasi dengan melibatkan para pemangku kepentingan.
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