ANALISIS EFISIENSI IRIGASI TETES PADA BERBAGAI TEKSTUR TANAH UNTUK TANAMAN SAWI (Brassica juncea) [Efficiency Analysis of Drips Irrigation on Various Land Texture for Green Mustard (Brassica juncea)]

Abstract

Drip irrigation is a technology that is still being developed. Drip irrigation drains water by dripping with regular debits in accordance with plants’ need. To determine the efficiency of drip irrigation and determine the yields, trials were needed to be conducted by using three kinds of soil texture (clay, loam and sandy clay loam) and mustard plant had been chosen due to its sensitivity to irrigation. The purpose of this study was to analyzed the efficiency of drip irrigation and the water needs of green mustards (Brassica juncea) and measure its growth and productivity in various soil textures using drip irrigation. Method used in this research was experimental method by on field trials. Observed parameter was volumetric gravimetric, specific gravity, porosity, average water discharge on emitter’s output, emitter uniformity, the amount of water use, the efficiency of water use, storage efficiency, surface area of glass container/polybag, the water needs of mustard plants, plant height, number of leaves, plant weight, and crop productivity. The amount of the provision water was determined by three phases, i.e. in the early phase of growth 3.78 liters/day, in the middle phase 15.3 liters/day, and the last phase7.65 liters/day. The height of mustard that grew on clay was 23.05 cm, on loam was 15.79 cm, and on sandy clay loam was 21.06 cm; the number of plant leaves on clay was 11.93 leaves, on clay was 9.60 leaves, and on sandy clay loam was 9.23 leaves; mustard plant productivity on clay was 1566.69 g/m^2, on loam was 761.93 g/m², and on sandy clay loam was 1843.41 g/m ^2. Storage efficiency in early phase of clay was 22.83%, loam was 27.87% clay, and sandy clay loam was 23.41%; in the middle phase clay was 56.61%, loam was 89.18%, and sandy clay loam was 57.21%; in the last phase clay was 23.3%, loam was 67.48%, and sandy clay loam was 48.82%.

Keywords: drip irrigation, soil texture, mustard plants, irrigation efficiency, productivity

ABSTRAK

Irigasi tetes merupakan teknologi yang masih terus dikembangkan. Dimana irigasi tetes mengalirkan air dengan secara menetes yang diatur debitnya sesuai dengan kebutuhan tanaman. Untuk mengetahui efisiensi irigasi tetes ini dan mengetahui produktivitas perlu melakukan pengujian yaitu diuji pada tiga macam tekstur tanah (lempung, liat dan lempung liat berpasir) dan dipilih tanaman sawi untuk mengetahui produktivits karena tanaman sawi merupakan tanaman yang sensitif terhadap irigasi. Tujuan penelitian ini menganalisis efisiensi irigasi tetes dan kebutuhan air tanaman sawi hijau (brassica juncea) serta mengukur pertumbuhan dan produktivitas tanaman sawi hijau (brassica juncea) pada berbagai tekstur tanah menggunakan irigasi tetes. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu metode eksperimental dengan percobaan lapangan. Parameter pengamatan berupa berat volume tanah, berat jenis tanah, porositas, debit air rata-rata keluaran emitter, keseragaman emitter, jumlah penggunaan air, efisiensi pemakaian air, efisiensi penyimpanan, luas gelas penampung/polibag, kebutuhan air tanaman sawi, tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, berat tanaman dan produktivitas tanaman. Jumlah pemberian air dibedakan berdasarkan tiga fase pertumbuhan yaitu pada fase awal 3,78 liter/hari, fase tengah 15,3 liter/hari dan akhir 7,65 liter/hari. Tinggi tanaman sawi pada tekstur lempung 23,05 cm, liat 15,79 cm dan lempung liat berpasir 21,06 cm; jumlah daun tanaman pada tekstur lempung 11,93 helai, liat 9,60 helai dan lempung liat berpasir 9,23 helai; produktivitas tanaman sawi pada tekstur lempung 1566,69 gram/m², liat 761,93 gram/m² dan lempung liat berpasir 1843,41 gram/m². Efisiensi penyimpanan pada fase awal tekstur lempung 22,83%, liat 27,87%, dan lempung liat berpasir 23,41%; pada fase tengah tekstur lempung 56,61%, liat 89,18%, lempung liat berpasi 57,21%; pada fase akhir tekstur lempung 23,3%, liat 67,48%, lempung liat berpasir 48,82%.

Kata kunci: irigasi tetes, tekstur tanah, tanaman sawi, efisiensi irigasi, produktivitas